Etnografisk klassifikasjon av urfolk i Amerika
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Etnografisk klassifikasjon av urfolk i Amerika.
Klassifikasjon av urfolk i Nord-Amerika
[rediger | rediger kilde]Etnografer oppdeler normalt USAs og Canadas opprinnelige befolkning i ti geografiske regioner med felles kulturelle trekk. Følgende liste oppdeler folkeslagene etter deres opprinnelsessted, etterfulgt av deres nåværende sted. Regionene er:
Arktis
[rediger | rediger kilde]Subarktis
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Ahtna (Ahtena, Nabesna)
- Atikamekw
- Babine
- Bearlake
- Carrier
- Chipewyan
- Chilcotin
- Cree
- Degexit'an (Ingalik)
- Dogrib
- Han
- Hare
- Holikachuk
- Innu
- Kaska (Nahane)
- Kolchan (Upper Kuskowim)
- Koyukon
- Kutchin
- Mountain
- Naskapi
- Nishka
- Ojibwa
- Sekani
- Slavey (dialekter: Hay River, Simpson Providence, Liard, Fort Nelson)
- Tagish
- Tahltan
- Lower Tanana
- Middle Tanana
- Upper Tanana
- Tanacross
- Tanaina (dialekter: Outer Inlet, Upper Inlet, Iliama, Inland, Kachemak Bay, Kenai, Susitna River)
- Tasttine (bever)
- Inland Tlingit
- Tsetsaut
- Tsimishian
- Northern Tutchone
- Southern Tutchone
- Wet'suweten
- Yellowknife
California
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Achomawi (Pit River-indianere)
- Antoniaño
- Atsugewi
- Bear River
- Cahuilla
- Campo
- Chemehuevi
- Chukchansi
- Chumash (dialekter: Roseño, Purisimeño, Barbareño, Inezeño, Ventureño, Obispeño, Santa Paula, Cruzeño, Emigdiano Allilik)
- Chilula
- Chimariko
- Costanoan (dialekter: Ramaytush, San Jose, Juichen, Chocheño, Tamyen, Awaswas, Chalon, Mutsun, Rumsen)
- Cupeño
- Diegueño
- Esselen
- Fernandeño: se Tataviam
- Gabrieliño: se Tongva
- Giamina
- Huchnom
- Hupa
- Ipai
- Jamul
- Juaneño
- Kamia
- Karok
- Kato
- Kiliwa
- Kitanemuk
- Klamath
- Konomihu
- Konkow
- Kumeyaay (Diegueño)
- Lassik
- Luiseño
- Maidu
- Mattole
- Mesa Grande
- Migueleño
- Mission-indianerne
- Miwok (Me-wuk)
- Modoc
- Mohave
- Monache
- Nakipa
- Nisenan
- Nomlaki
- Nongatl
- Ohlone
- Paipai (Akwa'ala)
- Paiute
- Patwin
- Pomo
- Quechan
- Rumsen
- Salinan
- San Clemente
- San Nicolas
- Santa Catalina
- Serrano
- Shasta
- Sinkyone
- Tache
- Tachi-stammen
- Tataviam (Fernandeño)
- Tipai
- Tolowa
- Tongva (Gabrieliño)
- Tsnungwe
- Tubatulabal
- Wailaki
- Wappo
- Washoe
- Whilkut
- Wintu
- Wintun
- Wiyot
- Yahi
- Yana
- Yocha Dehe
- Yokuts
- Yuki
- Coast Yuki
- Yurok
Østlige skogområder
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Accohannock Maryland
- Algonquian nedre Saint Lawrence River
- Algonquins Outaouais og Abitibi i Quebec
- Beothuk, tidligere Newfoundland, finnes ikke lenger
- Caniba
- Conoy
- Erie
- Etchemin Quebec (Maliseet)
- Fox
- Ho-Chunk
- Huron/Wyandot Ontario sør for Georgian Bay, nå Oklahoma og Wendake, Quebec
- Illinois (Illini) Illinois
- Iroquois New York
- Kickapoo Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas
- Laurentian
- Lenni-Lenape Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, nå Oklahoma
- Loup A
- Loup B
- Maliseet Maine, Quebec og New Brunswick, Canada
- Mascouten
- Massachusett Massachusetts
- Menominee
- Miami Indiana, nå Oklahoma
- Mingo Pennsylvania, Ohio
- Mahican
- Mohegan
- Montauk New York
- Munsee
- Nanticoke
- Narragansett Rhode Island
- Natick
- Neutral
- Nipissing
- Nipmuc Massachusetts
- Ojibwe (Chippewa, Anishaabe) Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, North Dakota, Montana)
- Oji-Cree
- Ottawa
- Paugusset Connecticut
- Passamaquoddy Maine
- Penobscot Maine
- Peoria Illinois, nå Oklahoma
- Pequot
- Petun
- Pocumtuk
- Poospatuck New York
- Potawatomi Michigan
- Powhatan Virginia
- Quiripi
- Ramapough Mountain Indians New Jersey
- Hopewell Ohio og Black River-området
- Sauk
- Saulteaux
- Secotan
- Shawnee Ohio, Pennsylvania [de fleste endte i Oklahoma]
- Shinnecock New York
- Souriquoian
- Susquahannock
- Tarrantine Tarranteen
- Unalachtigo
- Unami
- Unquachog
- Wampanoag Massachusetts
- Wappinger
- Wawenoc
- Wea
- Wenro
- Wyandot/Huron Ontario sør for Georgian Bay, nå Oklahoma og Wendake, Quebec
- Bannock
- Chemehuevi
- Gosiute Utah
- Kawaiisu
- Koso
- Mono
- Owen's Valley-stammen
- Northern Paiute California, Nevada, Oregon [Burns-Paiute], Arizona
- Southern Paiute (Kaibab)
- Panamint
- Paviotso
- Shoshone (Shoshoni) Nevada, Wyoming, California
- Wind River Shoshone
- Timbisha
- Ute Utah, Colorado
- Washo Nevada, California
Høydedrag
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Cayuse Oregon
- Celilo (Wayampam)
- Upper Chinookan (dialekter: Clackamas, Cascades, Hood River Wasco, Wishram Kathlamet, Wishram, Cathlamet, Multnomah,
- Columbian (dialekter Wenatchee, Sinkayuse, Chelan)
- Coeur d'Alene Idaho
- Colville Washington
- Upper Cowlitz
- Flatbow
- Flathead
- Fountain
- John Day
- Kalispel Montana
- Kittitas
- Klamath
- Klikitat Washington
- Kootenai Idaho
- Lakes
- Lillooet
- Lower Snake (Chamnapam, Wauyukma, Naxiyampam)
- Modoc
- Molala (Molale) Oregon
- Nez Perce Idaho
- Nicola
- Okanagan (dialekter: Northern and Southern)
- Palus (Palouse)
- Pend'Oreilles
- Rock Creek
- Sahaptin
- Sanpoil
- Shuswap
- Spokane Washington
- Tenino
- Thompson
- Tygh
- Tygh Valley
- Umatilla Oregon
- Upper Nisqually (Mishalpan)
- Walla Walla Oregon
- Wanapum
- Wasco Oregon
- Yakima Washington
Nordvestkysten
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Alsea
- Applegate
- Bella Bella
- Bella Coola
- Calapooia (se Kalapuya)
- Calapuya (se Kalapuya)
- Chasta Costa
- Chehalis (øvre og nedre) Washington
- Chemakum Washington
- Chetco
- Chilliwak
- Chinook (dialekter: Lower Chinook, Upper Chinook, Clackamas, Wasco)
- Chinook Jargon
- Clatsop
- Clatskanie (Tlatskanie)
- Comox
- Coos {Hanis} Oregon
- Lower Coquille (Miluk) Oregon
- Upper Coquille
- Cowichan
- Lower Cowlitz Washington
- Duwamish Washington
- Eyak Alaska
- Galice
- Haida (dialekter: Kaigani, Skidegate, Masset) Alaska
- Haihai
- Haisla
- Halkomelem
- Heiltsuk
- Hoh Washington
- North Kalapuya (dialekter: Yamhill or Yamel, Tualatin or Tfalati or Atfalati)
- Central Kalapuya (dialekter: Santiam, Mary's River, Lakmiut, Ahantchuyuk, Lower McKenzie eller Mohawk)
- South Kalapuya (Yonkalla or Yoncalla)
- Kimsquit
- Kitimat
- Klallam (Clallam, dialekter: Klallam (Lower Elwha), S'Klallam (Jamestown), S'Klallam (Port Gamble))
- Klemtu
- Klickitat
- Koskimo
- Kwalhioqua
- Kwakiutl (Kwakwala eller Kwakwa'kwa'kw)
- Kwalhioqua
- Kwantlem
- Kwatami
- Lummi Washington
- Lushootseed
- Makah Washington
- Muckleshoot Washington
- Musqueam
- Nanaimo
- Niskwalli
- Nooksack Washington
- Nisqually Washington
- Pentlatch
- Puyallup Washington
- Quileute Washington
- Quinault Washington
- Rogue River eller Upper Illinois Oregon, California
- Saanich
- Samish
- Sauk-Suiattle Washington
- Sechelt
- Shoalwater Bay Tribe Washington
- Siletz Oregon
- Siuslaw Oregon
- Skagit
- Skokomish Washington
- Sliammon
- Snohomish
- Stó:lō
- Songish
- Sooke
- Squaxin Island-stammen Washington
- Spokane Washington
- Stillaguamish Washington
- Squamish Washington
- Swinomish Washington
- Tait
- Takelma Oregon
- Talio
- Tillamook (Nehalem) Oregon
- Tlatlasikoala
- Tlingit Alaska
- Tolowa-Tututni
- Tsimshian (dialekter: Hartley Bay, Prince Rupert, Gitando, Kitkatla)
- Tulalip Washington
- Twana
- Lower Umpqua Oregon
- Upper Umpqua Oregon
- Upper Skagit Washington
- Oowekyala
- Yaquina
Sletter
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Aranama
- Arapaho Wyoming, Oklahoma
- Arikara (også kjent som Arikaree eller Ree) North Dakota
- Assiniboine Montana Fort Peck Indian Reservation hvor Assiniboine og Lakota (Sioux) bor
- Atsina
- Besawunena
- Blackfoot Montana/Alberta (grupper: Kainah eller Blood, Siksiki, Northern Peigan, Piegan eller Blackfeet)
- Brule
- Caddo
- Cheyenne Montana, South Dakota; Oklahoma
- Chickasaw Oklahoma
- Comanche Oklahoma
- Crow (Absaroka eller Apsáalooke) Montana, South Dakota
- Chippewa Cree Montana
- Plains Cree Montana
- Dakota
- Gros Ventre
- Hasinai
- Hidatsa North Dakota
- Iowa (Ioway) Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma
- Karankawa Texas
- Kaw (Kansa) Oklahoma
- Kiowa Oklahoma
- Kitsai
- Lakota (Sioux) South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska
- Lipanapacher
- Mandan North Dakota
- Missouri-stammen (Missouria) Missouri
- Nawathinehena
- Oglala Sioux
- Plains Ojibwe
- Omaha Nebraska
- Mississaugas
- Osage Nation Oklahoma
- Otoe (staves også Oto) Oklahoma
- Ottawa Michigan; Oklahoma
- Pawnee (Dialekter: South Band, Skiri) Oklahoma
- Piegan
- Plains Apache Oklahoma
- Ponca Nebraska, Oklahoma
- Quapaw (Arkansas) Arkansas, Oklahoma
- Santee
- Sauk (opprinnelig Great Lakes, nå Kansas, Oklahoma, Iowa
- Siksika
- Sioux (Lakota, Dakota, Nakota) Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota)
- Stoney
- Tamique
- Teton
- Tonkawa Oklahoma
- Tsuu T’ina (Sarcee, Sarsi, Tsuut’ina)
- Wichita Oklahoma [Affiliated Tribes – Wichita, Waco, Tawakoni, Keechi]
- Wyandot Ontario, Michigan
- Yankton
- Yanktonai
Sørøst
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Adai
- Ais Florida
- Akokisa
- Alabama Alabama
- Apalachee Florida
- Atakapa
- Bidai
- Biloxi Mississippi
- Caddo Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas
- Calusa Florida
- Catawba South Carolina
- Chatot
- Chawasha
- Cherokee North Carolina; senere Oklahoma
- Chiaha
- Chickahominy Virginia
- Chickamauga
- Chickasaw Mississippi, South Carolina, North Carolina, senere Oklahoma
- Chitimacha Louisiana
- Choctaw Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama; senere Oklahoma
- Creek Alabama; Oklahoma, Georgia
- Coahuiltecan Texas
- Coushatta Louisiana
- Coharie North Carolina
- Cusabo
- Hitchiti
- Houma Louisiana
- Iswa
- Jeaga Florida
- Koasati
- Lumbee North Carolina
- Manahoac Nordlige Virginia
- Mattaponi Virginia
- Meherrin North Carolina
- Mikasuki Florida
- Mobile
- Mocama
- Monacan Virginia
- Nansemond Virginia
- Natchez Mississippi, Louisiana
- Nottoway
- Ofo
- Pamlico (Carolina)
- Pamunkey Virginia
- Pee Dee South Carolina, North Carolina
- Pensacola
- Rappahannock Virginia
- Saponi
- Seminole Florida; Oklahoma
- Taensa
- Tawasa
- Tekesta Florida
- Timucua (Utina) Florida
- Topachula Florida
- Tuscarora North Carolina, Virginia (senere Niagra Falls, NY)
- Tuskegee
- Tutelo
- Tunica Mississippi
- Waccamaw North Carolina, South Carolina
- Woccon
- Yamasee
- Yuchi
Sørvest
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Acoma
- Ak Chin Arizona
- Apache Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma
- Chiricahua Apache
- Cochimi Californiabukta
- Cochiti
- Cocopa Arizona
- Halchidhoma
- Hano
- Hualapai
- Havasupai Arizona
- Hohokam Arizona
- Hopi Arizona
- Isleta
- Isleta del Sur
- Jemez
- Jicarilla Apache
- Jumano
- Karankawa
- Kavelchadhom
- Keres
- Laguna
- Los Luceros
- Maricopa
- Mescalero Apache
- Mohave
- Nambe
- Navaho Arizona, New Mexico
- Opata
- Pecos
- Pericu Baja California
- Picuris
- Pima Arizona
- Pima Bajo
- Piro
- Pueblo-stammen New Mexico
- Qahatika
- Quechan Arizona
- Sandia (Nafiat var navnet på Bernalillo-puebloene)
- San Carlos
- San Felipe
- San Idelfonso
- San Juan
- Santa Ana
- Santa Clara
- Santo Domingo
- Seri
- Suma
- Taos
- Tesuque
- Tewa
- Tigua
- Toboso
- Tohono O'odham (Papago) Arizona
- Northern Tonto
- Southern Tonto
- Waicuri (Guaicura) Californiabukta
- Walapai
- Western Apache
- White Mountain
- Yavapai, se Yavapai-Apache Nation, Yavapai-Prescott-stammen Arizona
- Yuma (Quechan)
- Zia
- Zuni
Klassifikasjon av urfolk i Mellom- og Syd-Amerika
[rediger | rediger kilde]Urfolk i Mellom- og Syd-Amerika klassifiseres generelt etter språklige, miljømessige og kulturelle likheter.
- Azteker
- Huasteker
- Lenca
- Maya
- Mazateker
- Mixteker
- Olmeker
- Tarascan/Purépecha
- Teotihuacán
- Tolteker
- Totonaker
- Zapoteker
Sydlige kjegle (Cono Sur)
[rediger | rediger kilde]Autoritetsdata